![]() The wheel has three layers at its core, it has the COM-B model comprising Capability (physical and psychological), Opportunity (social and physical) and Motivation (automatic and reflective). The BCW has been developed using expert consensus and a validation process. The BCW is a comprehensive framework for designing interventions by explicitly integrating behaviour theory to understand and target mechanisms of action within the intervention. As SMArT Work aims to change sitting behaviour specifically in the workplace, we used the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and its functions to enhance the development of the intervention (see Fig. The purpose of the current paper is to describe the systematic process that was employed to develop the intervention components and delivery. This is being robustly evaluated through a cluster randomised controlled trial. ![]() We designed a workplace intervention ( SMArT Work: Stand More AT Work) that aimed to address these limitations and which apriori involved height-adjustable workstations to reduce occupational sitting time. However, studies were only short-term and the quality of the evidence was classified as low to very low quality due to issues such as small sample sizes and non-randomised pre-post designs. A recent Cochrane review of interventions for reducing sitting time at work found that sit-stand desks led to reductions in sitting of between 30 min to two hours per day. Interventions have focused on information provision, counselling, policy changes, and making physical changes to the workplace environment, such as providing sit-stand desks. Reducing occupational sitting time has been the focus of much research in recent years. Furthermore, office workers who are most sedentary at work are also more sedentary outside of work. In particular, office workers have been shown to be a highly sedentary population, both inside and outside of work, spending 75% of their workday sitting and approximately 10 h sitting across the whole day on workdays. Therefore, it seems prudent that the amount of time spent sitting should be a concern for the majority of the population. This is likely to be considerably higher when objectively measured with wearable technology rather than by self-report. Evidence shows that the majority of the population spend high amounts - around 8–10 h - of their day sitting, and self-reported data from the UK shows that 40% of the population are not achieving the current recommended guidelines of 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week. However, high amounts of physical activity, approximately 60–75 min of moderate-to-vigorous activity per day (more than twice the recommended guidelines in the UK), are likely to be needed. High levels of sedentary behaviour have been consistently linked to increased morbidity and mortality in many epidemiological studies, although recent research has shown that participating in physical activity may attenuate and even eliminate these links.
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